INSTITUTIONAL
FRAMEWORK
|
| Form
of Government |
Election
and relation between branches:
|
Presidential
Republic |
Territorial
organization:
|
Federal
(24 districts: 23 provinces and the Autonomous City
of Buenos Aires). |
General Characteristics of the Legislature |
Name:
|
National
Congress (Congreso de la Nación)
|
Name
of each chamber:
|
Chamber of Deputies (Cámara de Diputados);
Senate
(Senado o Cámara de Senadores).
|
Morphology:
|
Deputies
represent the people of the Nation;
Senators represent the provinces.
|
Number
of seats:
|
Deputies:
257
Senate:72
|
Number
of representatives per disctrict and number of districts:
|
Deputies:
proportional to the number of inhabitants per district.
Senate:
three per province and for the City of Buenos Aires.
|
Length
of mandate:
|
Deputies:
four years. Chamber is renovated by halves every two
years
Senate: six years, can be reelected indefinitely and
Chamber is renovated by thirds every two years.
|
Requirements
and incompatibilities to become a legislator:
|
Deputies:
25 years of age, four years of the country´s
citizenship, born in the province that elects the
candidate or two years of immediate residency in it.
Senate: 30 years of age, six years of the county´s
citizenship, born in the province that elects the
candidate or two years of immediate residency in it.
Incompatibilities: regular clergymen cannot be members
of Congress nor can governors of the province they
represent. No member can work or receive any commission
from the Executive without the Chamber´s consent,
except for the "empleos de escala". The
Chief of the Cabinet or the ministers cannot be senators
or deputies without resigning to their jobs as ministers.
|
Electoral
system:
|
Deputies:
Proportional representation. Closed and blocked list.
D´Hont and 3%
Senate: Majority 2 seats, Minority 1 seat.
|
Districts:
|
Deputies:
24 plurinominal districts
Senate:
24 districts
|
Party
system
|
|
Name
and number of relevant parties
|
Argentina
used to be a bipartisan system and in the past years
it seems to be moving to a moderate pluriparty system.
However third parties have traditionally not lasted
more than two decades and the traditional parties
get around 70% of the vote. Today, the peronista party
has the majority, Union Civica Radical has lost a
high percentage of it electorate and none of the new
parties are a challenging opponent for alternation.
|
Ideology
|
A
characteristic of the two larger parties in Argentina
is that their members can represent different factions
of the ideological spectrum within the party structure.
|
LEGISLATIVE STRUCTURE AND
FUNCTIONING
|
| Origin
and evolution |
May
1st 1853 with the creation of the Constitution the
three chambers are created and with them its prerogatives
and limitations.
In
1994 a Constitutional Reform is undertaken. The following
are some of the changes.
-
Senator's mandate is reduced from 9 to 6 years and
they are no longer elected by provincial legislatures
but by direct vote.
-
Institution of Chief of the Cabinet who has to monthly
inform Congress about the performance of the Administration.
-
It establishes what Congress should legislate on
and its limitations.
|
| Prerogatives |
|
General
prerogatives
|
Matters
of customs, establish and regulate a federal bank, arrange
the internal debt, fix a budget and calculate the admnistration's
resources, regulate circulation of rivers, arrange for
new ports, dictate Civil Code as well as a Comercial,
Penal, of Mining and Workforce and Social Security ones. |
Specific
prerogatives
|
Deputies:
initiate laws about contributions and recruitment
of troops; has the right accuse the president, vicepresident,
chief of the cabinet, ministers and members of the
Supreme Court, before the Senate.
Senate:
Judge those accused by the Deputies Chamber, authorize
the president to declare "estado de sitio"
(curfew). |
| Chambers'
organizational structure: |
Deputies:
- Presidency
- Parliamentary Secretariat
- Administrative Secretariat
- Operative Coordination Secretariat
Senate:
- Presidency
- Parliamentary Secretariat
- Administrative Secretariat
- Operative Coordination Secretariat
|
| Rules
of procedure or standing orders: |
Deputies:
- 1 president, 3 vicepresidents who are legislators.
They are elected by majority. They last one year in
their posts. When they resign their posts are filled
by the presidents of the committees.
- There are also three secretaries and three undersecretaries
who are not legislators. Two of them are distributed
to the political party with more seats and the third
one to the next party in line and are voted on by
majority. They last one year in their posts.
Senate:
- 1 provisional president, one vicepresident, and
2 deputy vicepresidents who are legislators. They
are elected by absolute majority by the members of
the senate. They last one year in their posts. When
they resign their posts are filled by the presidents
of the committees.
- There are also three secretaries and three undersecretaries
who are not legislators and are also elected by absolute
majority. The will depend of the president and he/she
will establish their functions. They last one year
in their posts.
|
| Staff |
|
Designation
|
Deputies:
All employees are named by the President, except for
the Secretaries and Undersecretaries. As from 1997 all
new employees should have become employees through a
competition although there are only some agencies that
apply this regulation.
Senate:
All employees are named by the President, except for
the Secretaries and Undersecretaries. As from 1997
all new employees should have become employees through
a competition. There are only some agencies that apply
this regulation.
|
Number
|
Deputies:
All employees are named by the President, except for
the Secretaries and Undersecretaries. As from 1997 all
new employees should have become employees through a
competition although there are only some agencies that
apply this regulation. Senate:
All employees are named by the President, except for
the Secretaries and Undersecretaries. As from 1997
all new employees should have become employees through
a competition. There are only some agencies that apply
this regulation. |
|
| Registry
of attendance and participation: |
-
Both Chambers get together in "ordinary sessions"
inaugurated by the president of the nation March 1st
every year and goes throughout November 30th. The
president of the nation can call for extraordinary
sessions and establish the agenda. The Chambers can
extend the period of their sessions and when they
do so, they establish the agenda.
-
The last ten days of February of each year, Deputies
Chamber will call for preparatory sessions where they
will establish the time and days the plenary sessions
are to be held.
-
Every February 24th the Senate will get together in
a preparatory session to name authorities and establish
time and days sessions are to be held during the following
year. |
| Quorum: |
Deputies:
in order to establish a legal quorum an absolute majority
is needed. 129 legislators.
Senate:
in order to establish quorum a simple majority is
needed. 37 legislators |
| Agenda
setting: |
Deputies:
The Parliamentary Works Committee is in charge of
scheduling the bills that were reported out of the
committees to be debated on the floor. The authorities
of the parties get together before the session to
establish the order in which the bills are going to
be voted on in the plenary session. Each deputy will
be able talk for three minutes for one time unless
rules of the debate establish otherwise.
Senate:
The Parliamentary Works Plenary is in charge of scheduling
the bills that were reported out of the committees
to be debated on the floor. The authorities of the
parties get together before the session to establish
the order in which the bills are going to be voted
on in the plenary session. Each senator will be able
talk for five minutes for one time. |
| Publicity
of the sessions: |
Deputies:
plenary sessions are public but can be declared secret
with absolute majority. The president can request
a secret session so that the Chamber can decide if
the issue should be kept secret or not. Five or more
deputies can also request s session to be secret.
Senate:
plenary sessions are public but can be declared secret
when the issue to be debated on is classified, at
the president's request, or at the request of two
or more senators. |
|
| Number
and type: |
Deputies:
plenary sessions are public but can be declared secret
with absolute majority. The president can request
a secret session so that the Chamber can decide if
the issue should be kept secret or not. Five or more
deputies can also request s session to be secret.
Senate:
plenary sessions are public but can be declared secret
when the issue to be debated on is classified, at
the president's request, or at the request of two
or more senators. |
| General
functions: |
Deputies:
Special, permanent and investigative committees study
or consider specific issues. Special committees are
created in order to deal with a particular subject.
They can organize public hearings, discussions and
virtual video chat debates. Bicameral committees are
created in order to coordinate the study of a certain
subject by both houses.
Senate:
Special, permanent and investigative committees study
or consider specific issues. Special committees are
created in order to deal with a particular subject.
They can organize public hearings, discussions and
virtual video chat debates. Bicameral committees are
created in order to coordinate the study of a certain
subject by both houses. |
Deliberation:
|
Deputies:
The floor can consider bills not being reported out
of committees.
Senate:
No matter can be considered on the floor unless 2/3
of the votes allow it. Bills that deal with expenditures
cannot in any case be discussed without the committee's
intervention. |
Ability
to seek advice from other sources:
|
Deputies
and Senate: Committees, through their presidents have
the ability to ask for any report or data they believe
necessary for the study of any issue considered. |
Members:
|
Deputies:
- The number of members in the committees is set by
the rules with a minimum of 15 and a maximum of 31,
excepting some committees. Members' designation is
done trying, if possible to reflect the political
composition of the floor.
- Committee
members last 2 years in their posts (unless they are
removed by a House resolution) and members of special
committees last until they have completed their aim
(unless the House resolves on otherwise).
Senate:
- Every committee has an average of 11 members. Members'
designation is done trying, if possible to reflect
the political composition of the floor.
- Committee
members last 2 years in their posts (unless they are
removed by a House resolution) and members of special
committees last until they have completed their aim
(unless the House resolves on otherwise). |
Authorities:
|
Deputies:
Committee members elect a president, a vicepresident,
a deputy vicepresident and three secretaries excepting
some that choose a president, a vicepresident and
four secretaries.
Senate:
Committee members name a president every year as well
as a vicepresident, and a secretary that can be reelected. |
Staff:
|
Deputies
and senate: there is no fixed number of employees a
committee should have. The number is usually established
according to the activity dealt at the committee. |
Administrative
secretary:
|
Both
Chambers: this person should coordinate, distribute,
organize matters discussed in the committee. Is responsible
for the operation of the committee and controls absenteeism. |
Publicity
of meetings:
|
Deputies:
meetings are public. Deputies that are not members
of the committee can attend the meetings and participate
in the debate, but cannot make any decisions or vote
on the bill.
Senate:
Committee meetings are public. A reserved meeting
can be called with the vote 2/3 of the members and
when matters considered need confidentiality. |
Schedule
of meetings:
|
Deputies:
Meetings are once a week and the date is set in accordance
to the members. Meetings cannot coincide with floor
sessions.
Senate:
Committee meetings are once a week and the date is
set in accordance to the members. Meetings cannot
coincide with floor sessions. |
Absenteeism
/ quorum:
|
Deputies:
In order to consider issues committees need the majority
of its members, but after a half hour of the established
time scheduled for the discussion, they can, with
a third of the members present, consider matters.
Senate:
In order to consider issues committees need the majority
of its members, but after two citations to the meeting,
if there is still no majority, one third of the members
present can meet and discuss matters and report bills
out of the committee. |
|
| Party
blocks |
|
Composition
|
Deputies:
a group of three or more members can organize in a
block according to political affinity. In the cases
where a political party has only one or two members,
they can also form a block.
Senate:
two or more senators can organize themselves in blocks.
In the cases where a political party has only one
or two members, they can also form a block. |
Authorities
|
Deputies:
The party authorities are chosen by party members.
Reelections can be indefinite according to party internal
rules.
Senate:
Deputies: The party authorities are chosen by party
members. Reelections can be indefinite according to
party internal rules. |
Responsibilities
|
Both
chambers: their main aim is to keep unified criterions
and coherent political strategies regarding the different
initiatives discussed. Block's presidents usually serve
as liaisons between House Authorities and National authorities
in the Executive. They also participate in the Parliamentary
Works Committee, where they decide what initiatives
are going to be voted on in the floor. |
Staff
|
Both
chambers. Designation and remotion of Block's staff
is made by the block itself. Their administrative structure
reflects that of the Houses, with a President, a Parliamentary
Secretary, an Administrative Secretary. Their staff
is temporary, and when a block is broken up, their staff
has to resign. |
|
| Oversight |
|
Appointment
and destitution:
|
The
resident and Vice-president of the Nation can be removed
through the impeachment process. Congress can also accept
or reject their resignations. The Chief of the Cabinet
can be removed with the absolute majority of the votes
of each house. |
Designation
and removal:
|
The
Ombudsman is named and removed by Congress with 2/3
of the votes of those present in each house. The Executive
needs the consent of Congress when naming judges for
the Supreme Court, Ambassadors and other posts such
as Authorities of the Armed Forces and Central Bank
Presidents. |
Other
mechanisms:
|
-
Estado
de sitio (curfew)
- External control of the administration regarding its
accounts, and economic, financial and operational aspects
based on reports produced by the General Audit Office.
- Approval or rejection of decrees (executive order)signed
by the executive related to need and urgent matters
of the nation.
- Impeachment to the Supreme Court Justices.
- Ability to create investigative committees. |
| Extra-parliamentary
agencies: |
There
is an General Audit Office (AGN) in charge of controlling
the Executive's performance and technically assists
Congress in the evaluation of the administration. The
relation between the AGN and Congress is the bicameral
Committee on Public Accounts, in charge of analyzing
the investment account. |
| Constitutional
reform: |
Congress
is the only institution that has the ability to call
for a Constitutional reform (all or by parts) |
| Control
of the budget: |
Agency
in charge of the budget: The national budget office
within the Economy ministry is responsible for the elaboration
of the budget bill proposed by the executive. The lower
house, through the Budget Committee receives the bill
and analyses it. The General Audit Office controls its
execution. |
| Citizen
participation: |
It
is only through their representatives in Congress. |
| Votes
needed to pass the budget bill: |
The
budget has to be approved by both houses separately
by simple majority and following the same procedure
as any other bill. |
| Changes
to the content: |
Legislative
branch can alter financing levels, add or eliminate
sources of income and cut expenditures. It can also
reallocate expenditures but cannot increase the total
amount of the budget without specifying the source of
finance of the difference. |
| Modifying
the budget after the bill is passed: |
After
passing the bill the Executive has ten days to vet it
totally or partially |
| Cost-benefit
analysis: |
There
is no cost benefit analysis. |
| Participation
in monetary policy: |
The
Constitution states that Congress is in charge of approving
loans, paying internal and external debt, establishing
a central bank with the ability to issue money. |
|
| Bill
initiation / popular initiative: |
The
"popular legislative initiative" (iniciativa
popular) includes regular citizens as actors to introduce
a bill in Congress. These bills should be discussed
in the period of 12 months after they ares introduced.
Bill regarding constitutional reform, international
treaties, taxes, budget or penal matters are excluded.
In order to introduce a popular initiative 3% of those
allowed to vote (approximately 600.000 people) evenly
distributed in the country need to back the bill with
signatures.
|
| Referendum: |
"Popular
Consultation" (consulta popular) could be binding
or not. The "Binding national consultation"
(or referendum) is whenCongress initiates it through
the lower house who puts a bill up for consultation.
The call cannot be vetted by the executive. The positive
vote of the electorate turns the bill automatically
into a law.
The
not binding consultation is when the president or
Congress confers with the people an issue. The electorate's
vote is not compulsory. The not binding consultation
means that the people are expressing an opinion which
does not require a compulsory action on behalf of
the state |
| Access |
|
Buildings
of congress
|
People
should show identification and a legislator should entitle
the person to enter the buildings of Congress. When
the person is allowed in, personal information needs
to be filled out in a pass which should be turned in
with a signature of the office visited by the person.
An ID needs to be left at the security post in the entrance
of the building (Deputies) |
Floor
sessions
|
Deputies.
Sessions are videotaped and transmitted through a
closed circuit system within the Chamber.
Senate:
Sessions are videotaped and transmitted through a
closed circuit system within the Chamber. A year ago
the Senate has implemented a public TV network that
is aired in the evening in cable networks. They show
the floor sessions and some committee meetings.
|
Publications
|
Deputies
- Stenographic transcripts of floor sessions (by request)
- Bills introduced (website)
- Rules (website)
- Parliamentary Law Review (website)
- Agency for Parliamentary information (website)
- Committee Work (discontinued)
- Committee Agenda ((website)
- Sessions Journal (discontinued)
Senate
- News Bulletin (website)
- Rules
- Bills
- Press
|
Agreements
with universities, research centers, etc.
|
Senate:
the Federal Institute on Parliamenatar Studies, depends
on Parliamentary Secretary, celebrates bilateral agreements
on technical assistance and cooperation with universities
Deputies: there is no information about this. |
Consultation
with civil society and innovative practices
|
Both
chambers: Parliamentary Information Agency receives
requests from civil society. |
NATIONAL LEGAL FRAMEWORKS REGARDING
TRANSPARENCY
|
| Existence
of Codes of Ethics or conflict of interest regulation: |
There is no Code of Ethics in the Legislative. The
Executive has one. The National Ethics Law establishes
legislators should make public their financial statements
30 business days after they swear into office. The information
contained in those documents should be updated annually.
Another one should be turned in 30 business days after
they leave office. Anyone should have access to these
documents requesting them in a written form. There should
be a Committee in charge of collecting the documents,
but this agency was never created. There is no regulation
regarding hiring relatives. |
| Existence
of Access to Public Information regulation: |
There
is no access to information law. There is a billthat
was introduced 2002 and that has been passed from one
house to another and back and now the lower chamber
has one more year to make it a law. There is, as well,
a decree (no. 1172) on Access to Public Information
that was signed by President Kirchner December 2003,
but only pertains to the Executive. |
|
Council of the Magistrature: |
The
Council is in charge of naming judges of the inferior
courts as well as the administration of the Judiciary
branch. This Council has 20 members: 8 legislators,
four judges, four lawyers, 2 members of the academia,
one representative from the Executive and one from the
Supreme Court. |
| Existence
of lobbying regulation: |
There
is no regulation regarding this issue. Some bills have
been introduced in the past years but have never been
debated. There is a decree (no.1172) that mandates open
meetings (the publication in internet of all the meetings)
for high ranking officers within the Executive. |
| Ratification
of International Treaties regarding anticorruption: |
-
American Convention on Human Rights "Pact of
San Jose, Costa Rica". Ratification August 14,
1984
- Inter-American Convention Against Corruption. Ratification:
August 4, 1997
- Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public
Officials in international Business Transactions (OECD).
Ratification: February 8, 2001
-
United Nations Convention Against Corruption. (Signed
December 10, 2003)
- Universal Declaration on Human Rights
- International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.
- Inter-American Convention on transparency in Conventional
Weapons. Rafitication: March 2, 2004 |
| Surveys
and indexes on anticorruption and confidence in institutions: |
World
Bank: Governance Research Indicator Country Snapshot
(GRICS): 1996-2004
http://info.worldbank.org/governance/kkz2004/index.htm
World Bank: New tools and new tests in comparative
political economy:
The Database of Political Institutions
http://www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance/pdf/wps2283.pdf
World
Bank: Corruption, Governance and Security: Challenges
for Rich Countries in the World.
http://www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance/pdf/Kaufmann_GCR_101904_B.pdf
The
PRS Group: available data and ratings for countries.
www.countrydata.com/data
Freedom
House: Country Reports
http://www.freedomhouse.org/research/freeworld/2003/countries.htm
The
Center for Public Integrity: Public integrity Index
http://www.publicintegrity.org/ga/ii.aspx
Latinobarómetro:
Opinión Pública Latinoamericana
www.latinobarometro.org
Transparency
International:Global Corruption Report
www.globalcorruptionreport.org
Transparency
International: Corruption Surveys and Indexes
http://www.transparency.org/surveys/index.html
Heritage
Foundation: Index of Economic Freedom
http://www.heritage.org/research/features/index/countries.cfm
Unviversity
of Pennsilvania: Political Constraint Index
http://www.management.wharton.upenn.edu/henisz/POLCON/ContactInfo.html
University
of Maryland: Polity IV Country Reports
http://www.cidcm.umd.edu/inscr/polity/report.htm
University
of California at San Diego: Impact of bureaucratic
structure on bureaucratic and economic performance
http://weber.ucsd.edu/~jrauch/webstate/
University
of Michigan: World Values Survey
http://wvs.isr.umich.edu/index.html |
|
| |
City
of Buenos Aires
Unicameral
lwww.legislatura.gov.ar
60 legislators
2.776.138 Inhabitants
Buenos
Aires
Bicameral
Deputies Chamber www.hcdiputados-ba.gov.ar
91 Deputies
Senate www.hcsenado-ba.gov.ar
46 Senators
13.827.203 Inhabitants
Catamarca
Bicameral
Deputies Chamber www.diputados-catamarca.gov.ar
41 Deputies
Senate www.camsencat.gov.ar
16 Senators
334.568 Inhabitants
Chaco
Unicameral
www.chaco.gov.ar/legislatura
32 legislators
984.446 Inhabitants
Chubut
Unicameral
www.legischubut.gov.ar
27 legislators
413.237 Inhabitants
Córdoba
Unicameral
www.legiscba.gov.ar
70 legislators
3.066.801
Corrientes
Bicameral
Deputies Chamber www.hcdcorrientes.gov.ar
26 Deputies
Senate www.senadoctes.gov.ar
13 Senators
930.991 Inhabitants
Entre
Ríos
Bicameral
Deputies Chamber www.hcder.gov.ar
28 Deputies
Senate www.senadoer.gov.ar
16 Senators
1.158.147 Inhabitants
Formosa
Unicameral
www.legislaturaformosa.gov.ar
30 Legislators
486.559 Inhabitants
Jujuy
Unicameral
No website
48 Legislators
611.888 Inhabitants
La
Pampa
Unicameral
www.lapampa.gov.ar/HCD/default.htm
26 Legislators
299.294 Inhabitants
La
Rioja
Unicameral
www.legislrj.com.ar
23 legislators
289.983 Inhabitants
Mendoza
Bicameral
Deputies www.hcdmza.gov.ar
48Deputies
Senate www.legislaturamendoza.gov.ar
36 Senators
1.579.651 Inhabitants
Misiones
Unicameral
www.diputadosmisiones.gov.ar
40 Legislators
965.522 Inhabitants
Neuquén
Unicameral
www.legislaturaneuquen.gov.ar
35 legislators
474.155 Inhabitants
Río
Negro
Unicameral
www.legisrn.gov.ar
43 Legislators
552.822 Inhabitants
Salta
Bicameral
Deputies Chamber www.camdipsalta.gov.ar
60 Deputies
Senate (no website)
1.079.051 Inhabitants
San
Juan
Unicameral
www.portalzonda.com.ar/legislatura
45 Legislators
620.023 Inhabitants
San
Luis
Bicameral
Deputies: www.diputadossanluis.gov.ar
43 Deputies
Senate: www.diputadossanluis.gov.ar
9 Senators
367.933 Inhabitants
Santa
Cruz
Unicameral
www.hcdsc.gov.ar
24 Legislators
196.958 Inhabitants
Santa
Fe
Bicameral
Deputies Chamber www.santa-fe.gov.ar/gbrn/protocolo/protocolos/camaras.htm
50 Deputies
Senate www.santa-fe.gov.ar/gbrn/protocolo/protocolos/camaras.htm
19 Senators
3.000.701 Inhabitants
Santiago
del Estero
Unicameral
www.legislaturasde.gov.ar
50 Legislators
804.457 Inhabitants
Tierra
del Fuego
Unicameral
www.legistdf.gov.ar
14 Legislators
101.079 Inhabitants
Tucumán
www.hlt.gov.ar
40 Legislators
1.338.523 Inhabitants |
| Source:
for Inhabitants, Indec (Instituto Nacional de estadísticas
y Censos), based on the 2001 National Census www.indec.gov.ar |
INTERNET LINKS
AND BIBLIOGRAPHY
|
| Legislative
branch: |
Senate:
www.senado.gov.ar
Chamber of Deputies: www.diputados.gov.ar
National Audit Office (Auditoría General de la
Nación): www.agn.gov.ar
Office of the Ombudsman (Defensor del Pueblo): www.defensor.gov.ar
Library of Congress (Biblioteca del Congreso): www.bcn.gov.ar |
| Executive
branch: |
Presidency
General Directories www.gobiernoelectronico.ar / www.info.gov.ar
National Archives (Archivo General de la Nación)
www.archivo.gov.ar
Cristal Project (Proyecto Cristal) www.cristal.gov.ar
National Institute of Public Administration (Instituto
Nacional de Administración Público) www.inap.gov.ar
Office of the Treasury (Procurador del Tesoro de la
Nación) www.ptn.gov.ar
Communications Secretary (Secretaría de Comunicaciones)
www.secom.gov.ar
Public Administration Secretary (Secretaría de
la Función Pública) www.sfp.gov.ar
Pink House (Casa Rosada) www.casarosada.gov.ar |
Office
of the Chief of the Cabinet
www.jgm.gov.ar
Office of the Parliamentary Liason (Oficina de Enlace
Parlamentario)
www.enlaceparlamentario.gov.ar |
Ministry
of Culture and Education
www.me.gov.ar
www.educacion.gov.ar
Nacional Teacher´s Library (Biblioteca Nacional
del Maestro)
www.bnm.mcye.gov.ar
Nacional Comisión protector of Popular Libraries
(Comisión Nacional protectora de Bibliotecas
Populares) www.conabip.gov.ar
National Comission for Scientific and Technical Research
(Comisión Nacional de INvestigación Científica
y Técnica) www.conicet.gov.ar
Cultural Secretary of the Nation (Secretaría
de Cultura de la Nación)
www.dpc.secyt.gov.ar |
Ministry
of Defense
www.mindef.gov.ar |
Ministry
of Social Development and Environment
www.desarrollosocial.gov.ar |
Ministry
of the Economy
www.mecon.gov.ar
Documentation Center (Centro de Documentación
e Informática)
www.cdi.mecon.gov.ar
National Commission for International Commerce (Comisión
Nacional de Comercio Internacional) www.mecon.gov.ar/SICyM/cnce
National Statistic and Census Bureau (Instituto Nacional
de Estadísticas y Censos) www.indec.mecon.gov.ar
Data on Legislative Information (Información
Legislativa) www.infoleg.gov.ar
National Office for Hiring (Oficina Nacional de Contrataciones)
www.sg.mecon.gov.ar |
Ministry
of Justice and Human Rights
www.jus.gov.ar
Official Bulletin (Boletín Oficial)
www.jus.gov.ar/servi/boletinNational Agency of alternative
conflict resolition (DINAMARC)
www.dinamarc.jus.gov.arAnticorruption Office (Oficina
Anticorrupción)
www.anticorrupcion.gov.ar |
Ministry
of Foreign Relations, International Commerce and Culture
www.mrecic.gov.ar
www.cancilleria.gov.arCenter for International Economics
(Centro de Economía Internacional)
www.cei.mrecic.gov.arArbitral Comisión (Comisión
Arbitral)
www.ca.gov.arForeign Service Institute (Instituto del
Servicio Exterior de la Nación)
www.isen.mreic.gov.ar |
Ministry
of Health and Environment
www.msal.gov.arNational Administration of Laboratories
and Health Institutes (ANLIS).
www.anlis.gov.arData on medicine, drugs and food (ANMAT)
www.anmat.gov.ar |
Ministry
of Labour
www.trabajo.gov.ar |
Ministry
of the Interior
www.mininterior.gov.ar |
| Extrabranch
agencies and publicly-owned enterprises: |
Public
Ministry (Ministerio Público)
www.dgn.gov.ar Nacional Lottery (Lotería Nacional)
www.loteria-nacional.gov.ar Comisión Nacional
de Valores
www.cnv.gov.ar Nacional Women´s Council (Consejo
Nacional de la Mujer)
www.cnm.gov.ar National Council for minors and family
(Consejo Nacional del Menor y la Familia)
www.cnmyf.gov.ar |
| Civil
society organizations: |
Nacional
Center of Community Organizations (CENOC)
www.cenoc.gov.arPoder Ciudadano
www.poderciudadano.orgAsociación por los Derechos
Civiles
www.adc.org.arCentro de Estudios Legales y Sociales
www.cels.org.arAsociación Civil por la Igualdad
y la Justicia
www.acij.orgFundación Ambiente y Recursos Naturales
www.farn.org.arCIPPEC
www.cippec.org Asociación Conciencia
www.conciencia.org Grupo Sophia
www.gruposophia.org.ar Fundación Compromiso
www.compromiso.orgCiudadanos por el Cambio
www.ciudadanosporelcambio.orgForo del Sector Social
www.forodelsectorsocial.orgFundacion Cambio Democrático
www.cambiodemocratico.org Fundacion Pent
www.pentfundacion.org Fundacion Mujeres en Igualdad.
www.mei.com.ar Observatorio Electoral.
www.observatorioelectoral.orgRed de Derecho de Interés
Público
Red.dip@palermo.edu.arFundacion Novum Millenium
www.fnm.org |
| Media
organizations |
|
Newspapers
|
www.lanacion.com.ar
www.clarin.com.ar
www.infobae.com.ar
www.ambitoweb.com.ar
www.pagina12.com.arwww.laprensa.com.ar
www.cronica.com.ar
www.eldia.com.ar
www.lavozdelinterior.com.ar
www.diariouno.net.arAgencia de Noticias Cívicas
de las Américas - Red InterAmericana para la
Democracia
http://www.redinter.org/InfoRID/
Progressive Internet News Research Tool. Promotes government
and business transparency worldwide.
http://www.newsfollowup.com/arch004.htm Corruption Information
Exchange to Promote Governance with Respect Ethics Accountability
and Transparency (GREAT), Fordham University
http://www.fordham.edu/economics/vinod/cie/argentina.htm
|
Political
magazines
|
El
Parlamentario
www.parlamentario.comCuarto Intermedio
www.cuartointermedio.comNoticias
www.noticias.com XXIII
www.veintitres.comDebate
www.revistadebate.com.ar |
Radio
|
La
Red
www.uolsinectis.com.ar/lared/?h0m3=14_lredRivadavia
www.radiorivadavia.com.arDiez
www.radiodiez.com.arContinental
www.continental.com.ar Radio mitre
www.radiomitre.com.ar |
Television
|
Todo
Noticias
www.tn.com.arChanel 2
www.america2.com.ar Channel 7
www.canal7argentina.com.arChannel 11
www.telefe.comChannel 13
www.artear.com.ar Crónica
www.crónica.com.ar |
| Some
transparency websites: |
http://www.edemocracia.mendoza.gov.ar/index.php
|
| Useful
bibliography: |
Nacional
Constitution
http://infoleg.mecon.gov.ar/txtnorma/ConstitucionNacional.htm
Rules of the Chamber of Deputies
Rules of the Senate
http://www.senado.gov.ar/web/informacion/cuerpo1.php
Safadi Márquez, Carlos A. "La Ley de Ética
Pública Reglamentaria de la Constitución
Argentina".
http://www.conhist.org/Vol%20VII/LeyEticaPublica.PDF
INAP, Foros permanentes de articulacion interjurisdiccional
de políticas públicas. "Sinopsis
de las normas sobre ética pública en el
estado nacional".
http://www.sgp.gov.ar/inap/publicaciones/docs/interforos2003.doc
Baron, María,Obtención y publicación
de las declaraciones juradas de los senadores nacionales
en Argentina: un caso de auditoría social, Revista
Probidad No. 24 - septiembre de 2003
http://www.revistaprobidad.info/024/008.html
Internacional Budget Project, Análisis formal
institucional de la transparencia presupuestaria- el
caso de Argentina,
http://www.internationalbudget.org/themes/BudTrans/LegalArgentina.pdf
Poder Ciudadano, "El congreso bajo la Lupa",
Informe julio-agosto 2004,
http://www.poderciudadano.org/relaciones/440_JulAg.doc
Ricci, Milena, FORES, "Acceso a la Información
Judicial- Poder Judicial de la Nación" noviembre
2004,
http://www.foresjusticia.org.ar/investigaciones/AccInfJud/ExpMRicci.pdf
OECD, "Public Sector Transparency and accountability:
Make it Happen", 2002
http://www1.oecd.org/publications/e-book/4202081E.PDF
Money in Politics
http://www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance/pdf/usaidmoneypolitics.pdf
Wilhelm Speck, Bruno, "Conflict of Interest: Concepts,
Rules and Practices Regarding Legislators in Latin America",
prepared for Colóquio Internacional: Controlo
da corrupção política e qualidade
da democracia: Uma perspectiva comparativa Europa -
América Latina Lisboa, 21-22 Outubro de 2004
http://home.iscte.pt/~ansmd/CC-Speck.pdf Brademas, John,
"Internacional Anti-Corruption Conference, The
Accountability of the Executive to the Legislature",
Lima Peru, 1997
http://www.transparency.org/iacc/8th_iacc/papers/brademas.html
Shepherd, Geoffrey, "Civil Service Reform in Developing
Countries: Why Is It Going Badly?", 11th International
Anti-Corruption Conference, Seoul, Republic of Korea,
25-28 May 2003
http://www.11iacc.org/download/add/WS3.4/WS%203.4_P2_Shepherd.doc
|
